At the material level, fundamental parameters include density, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and elongation at break. Carbon fiber typically has a density of approximately 1.5–1.8 g/cm³-far lower than that of steel-yet it boasts a tensile strength of 3,000–7,000 MPa and an elastic modulus generally ranging from 200 to 600 GPa. These figures indicate that the material offers exceptional tensile strength and structural rigidity while facilitating lightweight design. Its low elongation at break (usually under 2%) characterizes it as a "rigid material" unsuited for significant deformation.

Regarding the structure of the finished product, attention shifts to parameters such as the laminate structure, thickness, fiber layup angles, and resin content. In carbon fiber composites, for instance, varying layup angles (e.g., 0°, 45°, 90°) directly influence load-bearing characteristics and torsional rigidity. Resin content is typically maintained within a specific range to balance strength and toughness, while thickness affects overall rigidity and weight distribution-factors that are particularly critical in sports equipment like rackets or bicycle frames.

Performance in practical applications involves parameters such as impact resistance, fatigue life, and environmental durability. Impact resistance determines the material's susceptibility to fracture during collisions or high-intensity strikes; fatigue life measures the degree of performance degradation following prolonged, repetitive loading; and environmental durability encompasses resistance to moisture, corrosion, and temperature fluctuations. A comprehensive assessment of these technical parameters is essential to fully evaluate the suitability and reliability of carbon fiber products across various applications.